简介：Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis， liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma in humans. HBV itself is usually regarded as a non-cytopathic virus， the pathogenesis relative to HBV infection is considered， at least in part， to be due to T-cell responses directed against HBV antigens. In particular， the role of the adaptive T cell immune exhaustion in the HBV infection is well understood.